Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Immunosuppressed Individuals
Ai‐ris Y. Collier, Jingyou Yu, Katherine McMahan, Jinyan Liu, Caroline Atyeo, Jessica L. Ansel, Zachary Fricker, Martha Pavlakis, Michael P. Curry, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Het Patel, Daniel Sellers, Julia Barrett, Marjorie Rowe, Kunza Ahmad, Annika Gompers, Ricardo Aguayo, Abishek Chandrashekar, Galit Alter, Michele R. Hacker, Dan H. Barouch
Abstract
Individuals on immunosuppressive (IS) therapy have increased mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and delayed viral clearance may lead to new viral variants. IS therapy reduces antibody responses following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination; however, a comprehensive assessment of vaccine immunogenicity is lacking. Here we show that IS therapy reduced neutralizing, binding, and nonneutralizing antibody functions in addition to CD4 and CD8 T-cell interferon-γ responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to immunocompetent individuals. Moreover, IS therapy reduced cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data suggest that the standard COVID-19 mRNA vaccine regimens will likely not provide optimal protection in immunocompromised individuals.