Hard carbon from a sugar derivative for next-generation sodium-ion batteries
Enis Oğuzhan Eren, Evgeny Senokos, Zihan Song, Brinti Mondal, Audrey Perju, Tim Horner, Elif Begüm Yılmaz, Ernesto Scoppola, Pierre‐Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Markus Antonietti, Paolo Giusto
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising secondary battery system due to the abundance of sodium resources. One of the boosters for accelerating the practical application of sodium-ion batteries is the innovation in anode materials. This study focuses on developing a high-performance hard carbon anode material derived from hydroxymethylfurfural, produced from carbohydrates, using a straightforward thermal condensation method. The process results in a unique pseudo-graphitic material with abundant microporosity. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate excellent sodium storage performance by maintaining the plateau capacity even at higher current densities. This translates to a promising energy density when coupled with the cathode material. However, we also discuss the influence of electrolyte composition on the performance of the hydroxymethylfurfural-derived hard carbon, emphasizing the critical role of electrolyte optimization for the development of efficient and sustainable carbonaceous anode materials for next-generation sodium-based batteries.