MP-VR: An MPTCP-Based Adaptive Streaming Framework for 360-degree Virtual Reality Videos
Wenjia Wei, Jiangping Han, Yitao Xing, Kaiping Xue, Jianqing Liu, Rui Zhuang
Abstract
360-degree virtual reality videos greatly improve the video experience by providing users with a more immersive and interactive environment than standard streaming video. However, 360-degree videos suffer from bandwidth limits. Existing bandwidth-efficient solutions mainly focus on spatially cutting 360-degree video into tiles, and only provide video content in the Field-of-View (FoV) of users with high quality to reduce bandwidth consumption. Although existing tile-based schemes can reduce the bandwidth consumption, the bandwidth and transmission delay provided by a single-path TCP may still not meet the high requirements of 360-degree videos. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) allows a TCP connection to operate across multiple paths simultaneously and becomes highly attractive to support the mobile devices with various radio interfaces to aggregate multipath bandwidth and improve the throughput. In this paper, by taking the advantage of MPTCP, we propose an MPTCP-based adaptive streaming framework for 360-degree Virtual Reality videos, named MP-VR. MP-VR dynamically selects the appropriate tile bitrate according to the bandwidth and transmission delay of different subflows. Then it schedules the video segments to subflows to improve QoE of users. We conduct experiments on a testbed in our lab and simulations on NS-3. Evaluation results show that MP-VR outperforms existing tile-based strategies when network fluctuations or errors in FoV predictions occur.