Protocol for quantifying inactive lithium in anode-free lithium batteries by mass spectrometry titration

Abstract

Abstract Quantifying inactive lithium during cycling is essential for understanding the failure mechanisms of lithium-metal batteries. Although many quantitative studies of lithium-metal failure have been reported, insufficient attention has focused on the reproducibility of the data or the reliability of the analysis. Here, we propose a complete mass spectrometry titration protocol and show how to accurately quantify inactive lithium, showing that quantitative results with high repeatability can be achieved. We believe that this protocol can be extended to other alkali-metal battery systems, facilitating more reliable and accurate battery research.

Topics & Concepts