Cause of mortality and sarcopenia in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving <scp>antifibrotic</scp> therapy
Yuzo Suzuki, Yuya Aono, Masato Kono, Hirotsugu Hasegawa, Koushi Yokomura, Hyogo Naoi, Hironao Hozumi, Masato Karayama, Kazuki Furuhashi, Noriyuki Enomoto, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui, Hidenori Nakamura, Takafumi Suda
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and objective Recent research has highlighted the fundamental role of sarcopenia, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with a risk of poor outcomes. AFT preserves lung function by preventing the annual decline in FVC and is associated with improved outcomes in patients with IPF. However, altered cause of death and prognostic implications of sarcopenia in patients with IPF receiving AFT remain unknown. Methods This study comprised two cohorts of patients with IPF receiving AFT, historical cohort of IPF patients without AFT and controls. The cause of mortality was compared with a historical cohort. Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring the ESM CSA and ESM MA via CT. Results Patients with IPF had smaller ESM CSA and lower ESM MA but similar BMI than controls, suggesting patients with IPF had skeletal muscle loss without any obvious body weight loss. The most common cause of mortality in patients receiving AFT was chronic respiratory failure, accounting for approximately 60%, and decreased proportions of LC were found. Subsequently, low ESM CSA was an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival rates. Furthermore, combined assessment of ESM CSA , %FVC predicted and BMI values provided clear prognostic distinction. Conclusion Patients with IPF receiving AFT showed skeletal muscle loss without obvious weight loss. These patients mostly died by chronic respiratory failure, and skeletal muscle wasting has prognostic significance, suggesting that preventing sarcopenia as well as preserving lung function are important for managing these patients.