Monolithically integrated micro-supercapacitors with high areal number density produced by surface adhesive-directed electrolyte assembly
Sen Wang, Shuanghao Zheng, Xiaoyu Shi, Pratteek Das, Linmei Li, Yuanyuan Zhu, Yao Lu, Xinliang Feng, Zhong‐Shuai Wu
Abstract
Abstract Accurately placing very small amounts of electrolyte on tiny micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) arrays in close proximity is a major challenge. This difficulty hinders the development of densely-compact monolithically integrated MSCs (MIMSCs). To overcome this grand challenge, we demonstrate a controllable electrolyte directed assembly strategy for precise isolation of densely-packed MSCs at micron scale, achieving scalable production of MIMSCs with ultrahigh areal number density and output voltage. We fabricate a patterned adhesive surface across MIMSCs, that induce electrolyte directed assembly on 10,000 highly adhesive MSC regions, achieving a 100 µm-scale spatial separation between each electrolyte droplet within seconds. The resultant MIMSCs achieve an areal number density of 210 cells cm −2 and a high areal voltage of 555 V cm −2 . Further, cycling the MIMSCs at 190 V over 9000 times manifests no performance degradation. A seamlessly integrated system of ultracompact wirelessly-chargeable MIMSCs is also demonstrated to show its practicality and versatile applicability.