Extremophiles Life of Microorganisms in Extreme Environments
Rahul Kumar, Ramchander Merugu, Swati Mohapatra, Sneha Sharma, Hemlata Hemlata
Abstract
Microorganisms not only growing under but requiring unusual, thus extreme, environmental conditions for their growth and survival are grouped together under the term extremophiles and they produce protein called extremozymes. The isolated enzymes (extremozymes) obtained from these extremophilic microorganisms have various applications in different sectors like detergent industries, pharmaceutical industries, food and beverage industries, cosmetics industries, textile industries, solid and wastewater treatment processes. Extreme environment can include high or low temperature, pressure, pH (acidity or alkalinity), concentration of salt, availability of water and also condition having heavy metals and harmful radiations. The presence of life in outrageous conditions has been known for quite long duration of time, and their occupants have been examined by various logical orders for a considerable length of time. The investigations of these living organisms, their habitats, biomolecules and product have been of extraordinary potential in various biotechnological operations or utilizations; however, numerous biotechnological forms are yet to receive the utilization of extremophiles in their creation or production.