Enabling Power System Transformation Globally: A System Operator Research Agenda for Bulk Power System Issues
Mark O’Malley, Thomas Bowen, Janusz Białek, Martin Braun, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, T.C. Green, Anders Bavnhøj Hansen, Eoin Kennedy, Juha Kiviluoma, Julian C. Leslie, Yitong Li, Julia Matevosyan, Jason McDowell, N.W. Miller, Phil Pettingill, Deepak Ramasubramanian, Luke Robinson, Christian Schaefer, John Ward
Abstract
The primary objective of a power system is to safely provide reliable energy services to society at an affordable cost. In many countries, this objective has been supplemented by another: meeting the energy demand with sustainable resources, which has culminated in the energy transition to low-carbon and zero-carbon energy systems. This transition, occurring rapidly around the world, is characterized by the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE), inverter-based resources (IBRs), and distributed energy resources (DERs).