Regulatory mechanisms of MADS-box transcription factors in growth, development, and environmental stress-targeting increased rice yield
An Wang, Chaoqing Ding, Yigang Hu, Qian Qian, Deyong Ren
Abstract
As critical transcription factors regulating various life activities, MADS-box transcription factors have been demonstrated to play key roles in controlling crop growth, development, and organogenesis. However, their relationship with crop yield has been seldom summarized. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and genetic networks by which MADS-box transcription factors influence rice yield through regulating seed development, spikelet number, root nitrogen uptake, and environmental adaptability. Additionally, this review presents case studies on the application of favorable alleles within the MADS family genes in breeding practices. It also discusses how to integrate traditional breeding methods with emerging biotechnologies to overcome the adverse effects of linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy in quantitative traits, aiming to achieve high yield, high quality, and stress-resistant breeding targets. Exploring and utilizing the molecular mechanisms of MADS-box transcription factors in rice yield regulation can significantly enhance crop productivity and ensure global food security. • Study of the molecular mechanism of MADS-box transcription factors will contribute to achieve breeding goals of high yield, superior quality, and stress resistance.