Controllable sites and high-capacity immobilization of uranium in Nd<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> pyrochlore
Jian Sun, Jing Zhou, Zhiwei Hu, Ting-Shan Chan, Renduo Liu, Haisheng Yu, Linjuan Zhang, Jian-Qiang Wang
Abstract
As potential nuclear waste host matrices, two series of uranium-doped Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an optimized molten salt method in an air atmosphere. Our combined X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy studies reveal that uranium ions can precisely substitute the Nd site to form an Nd 2– x U x Zr 2 O 7+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) system and the Zr site to form an Nd 2 Zr 2– y U y O 7+δ (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4) system without any impurity phase. With increasing U concentration, there is a phase transition from pyrochlore ( Fd 3 m ) to defect fluorite ( Fm 3 m ) structures in both series of U-doped Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 . The XAFS analysis indicates that uranium exists in the form of high-valent U 6+ in all samples. To balance the extra charge for substituting Nd 3+ or Zr 4+ by U 6+ , additional oxygen is introduced accompanied by a large structural distortion; however, the Nd 2 Zr 1.6 U 0.4 O 7+δ sample with high U loading (20 mol%) still maintains a regular fluorite structure, indicating the good solubility of the Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 host for uranium. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic study on U-incorporated Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 synthesized via the molten salt method and provides convincing evidence for the feasibility of accurately immobilizing U at specific sites.