Pressão Arterial de Crianças: Associação a Indicadores Antropométricos, Composição Corporal, Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória e Atividade Física
Gisele Pinheiro Mello, Júlio Brugnara Mello, Adroaldo Cezar Araújo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence points to anthropometric and fitness variables as associated factors with children's blood pressure. Analysing these factors in a single context is a relevant possibility of identifying the weight that each factor can present for the development of arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: Identify the possible associations between anthropometric measurements, body composition, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with blood pressure in children. METHODS: Correlational study with a quantitative approach. Sample: 215 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years selected by convenience criteria of a public school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Blood pressure was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer. For data treatment, the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were standardized (Z score) and added. The variables tested as predictors were: MVPA; body fat percentage (BF%); Body Mass Index (BMI); waist-height ratio (WHTR); maturity-offset and CRF. After checking the normality parameters, the crude and adjusted associations (for sex, age and maturity-offset) were tested with linear regression equations. For the analyses, p <0.05 was considered. RESULTS: Three different models indicated the best sets of factors associated with standardized blood pressure. Model 1 (R2 = 0.21) consisted of the variables WHTR (β = 9.702) and MVPA (β = -0.021). Model 2 (R2 = 0.19) was composed of the variables BMI (β = 0.156) and MVPA (β = -0.021). Model 3 (R2 = 0.18) included the variables BF% (β = 0.063) and CRF (β = -0.004). CONCLUSION: Blood pressure in children is predicted by the body variables BF%, BMI and WHTR, in addition, it is negatively associated with MVPA and CRF.