Broadly Applicable and Comprehensive Synthetic Method for<i>N</i>-Alkyl-Rich Drug-like Cyclic Peptides
Kenichi Nomura, Satoshi Hashimoto, Ryuuichi Takeyama, Minoru Tamiya, Tatsuya Kato, Terushige Muraoka, Mirai Kage, Keiji Nii, Kenichiro Kotake, Satomi Iida, Takashi EMURA, Mikimasa Tanada, Hitoshi Iikura
Abstract
We report a versatile and durable method for synthesizing highly N-alkylated drug-like cyclic peptides. This is the first reported method for synthesizing such peptides in parallel with a high success rate and acceptable purity that does not require optimizations for a particular sequence. We set up each reaction condition by overcoming the following issues: (1) diketopiperazine (DKP) formation, (2) insufficient peptide bond formation due to the steric hindrance of the N-alkylated amino acid, and (3) instability of highly N-alkylated peptides under acidic conditions. Using this newly established method, we successfully synthesized thousands of cyclic peptides to explore the scope of this modality in drug discovery. We here demonstrate the syntheses of a hundred representative examples, including our first clinical N-alkyl-rich cyclic peptide (LUNA18) that inhibits an intracellular tough target (RAS), in 31% total yield and 97% purity on average after 23 or 24 reaction steps.