(‐)‐<i>cis</i>‐Carveol, a Natural Compound, Improves <i>β</i>‐Amyloid‐Peptide 1‐42‐Induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus
Lucian Hriţcu, Răzvan Ştefan Boiangiu, Mayara Castro de Morais, Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could be considered a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of the β ‐amyloid‐peptide (A β ) within the brain leading to cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The present work was carried out to investigate the neuroprotective effect of (‐)‐ cis ‐carveol (1% and 3%, for 21 days) against the β ‐amyloid‐peptide 1‐42‐ (A β 1‐42‐) induced AD. Twenty‐five rats were divided into five groups ( n = 5/group): the first group—control (sham‐operated); the second group—A β 1‐42 (1 mM) that received donepezil treatment (5 mg/kg, as the positive reference drug in the Y‐maze and the radial arm maze tests); the third group—A β 1‐42 (1 mM); the fourth and fifth groups—A β 1‐42 (1 mM) that received (‐)‐ cis ‐carveol treatment groups (1% and 3%). The results of this study demonstrated that (‐)‐ cis ‐carveol improved A β 1‐42‐induced memory deficits examined by using Y‐maze and radial arm maze in vivo tests. Also, the biochemical analyses of the hippocampus homogenates showed that (‐)‐ cis ‐carveol reduced hippocampal oxidative stress caused by A β 1‐42. Our results suggested that the use of (‐)‐ cis ‐carveol may be suitable for decreasing AD‐related symptoms.