A Model of Support for Families of Children with Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons from Italy
Francesca degli Espinosa, Alma Metko, Marta Raimondi, MIchele Impenna, Elena Scognamiglio
Abstract
Italy has been the European country most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to date and has been in social lockdown for the longest period of time compared to other countries outside China. Almost overnight, Italian behavior analysts were faced with the challenge of setting up remotely whole-family systems aimed at maintaining adaptive skills and low levels of challenging behavior carried out solely by caregivers. Given these extraordinary circumstances, the protocols available from the applied behavior analytic, parent training, and autism literature did not appear fully to meet the need of parents having to be with their child under extreme levels of stress in a confined space with limited reinforcers for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. To meet this unprecedented challenge, we developed a dynamic and holistic protocol that extended to the full day and that recognized the need for sustainable intervention delivered solely by parents who were often looking after more than one child. These practices are presented in this paper, together with a discussion of lessons we have learned thus far, which may be useful for behavior analysts working in other regions in which the effects of the pandemic are not yet fully realized. Although somewhat unorthodox, we include some parent comments at the end with the goal of sharing the parent perspective in real time as this pandemic unfolds across the world.