Genomic landscape of blaGES-5- and blaGES-24-harboring Gram-negative bacteria from hospital wastewater: emergence of class 3 integron-associated blaGES-24 genes
Shino Takizawa, Eiji Soga, Wataru Hayashi, Kanae Sakaguchi, Shota Koide, Mizuki Tanabe, Tomohiro Denda, Yo Sugawara, Liansheng Yu, Shizuo Kayama, Motoyuki Sugai, Yukiko Nagano, Noriyuki Nagano
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: carbapenemase genes detected in wastewater from a hospital with no history of detection of clinical isolates producing GES carbapenemases. METHODS: Six hospital effluent samples were screened for carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) using CHROMagar mSuperCARBA and MacConkey agar with 1 µg/mL imipenem. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of carbapenemase genes, multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS: plasmids had high sequence similarity. Virulence gene profiles differed between Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.; the former harbored type III fimbriae cluster, salmochelin, and T6SS type i2 gene clusters, while the latter had curli pili operon, aerobactin, T2SS gene clusters, and T6SS type i3 gene clusters. CONCLUSION: with rare Tn402-like class 3 integrons and the structural diversity of their gene cassette arrays.