Nanofiber Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Advances in Nanofabrication and Their Role in Targeted Therapy in Cancer, Neurodegenerative, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Satyam Yadav, Amit Sharma, Balak Das Kurmi, Kirandeep Kaur, Navjot Kaur Sandhu, Shubham Thakur, Vineet Kumar
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nanofiber‐based drug delivery systems show strong potential due to their high surface area‐to‐volume ratio and adjustable structure. Recent studies demonstrated drug loading efficiencies exceeding 85%, with sustained release kinetics up to 96 h. In cancer models, nanofiber‐based carriers improved drug accumulation at tumor sites by 3–4 fold compared to conventional formulations, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity. This review outlines methods for precise nanofiber shape and function control through electrospinning and solution blow spinning techniques. Recent advancements in nanofiber technology have proven promising for biomedical applications where they are utilized in tissue engineering, neurodegenerative disease management, wound healing, and targeted cancer therapy. Nanofibers function as an optimal drug delivery system that improves cellular restoration, together with controlled drug delivery methods and deep tissue penetration capabilities. The recent development of dual‐drug delivery systems, stimuli‐responsive nanofibers, and scaffolds composed of nanofibers and smart materials has expanded their usage in precision medicine. Research now demonstrates that nanofibers facilitate tissue remodeling functions along with angiogenesis promotion, controlled inflammatory response management, and drug stability improvement. This review also focuses on the recent patents in nanofibers as a drug delivery system. In addition, this review presents new approaches to overcome these challenges in nanofiber‐based delivery systems based on interdisciplinary cooperation, AI‐driven design of such delivery systems, and sophisticated bioinformatics tools. In this review, recent advances and prospects of nanofibers in realizing the revolution in the drug delivery field and improving healthcare outcomes are presented with a detailed overview.