Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction: Current understanding and challenges
Hao Wu, Rui Liu, Donghui Li, Yun Hau Ng
Abstract
Photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is a carbon-neutral strategy to address global energy use and its impact on climate. Metal oxide and metal chalcogenide catalysts are the most investigated catalysts for photocatalytic CO 2 RR. Unfortunately, low CO 2 adsorption ability and limited active sites of metal oxide and metal chalcogenide catalysts for CO 2 RR make them less competitive compared to their industrial counterparts. Inspired by applications of porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts for hydrogen evolution and photodynamic therapy, the investigations of these porphyrin-based MOFs, including pristine and composite porphyrin-based MOFs in photocatalytic CO 2 RR, have attracted significant attention in the last five years due to their excellent CO 2 adsorption capacities, high porosity, high stability, exceptional optoelectronic properties, and multi-functionality. However, due to the difference in photocatalytic CO 2 RR, several critical issues need to be addressed to achieve the rational design of advanced porphyrin-based MOF photocatalysts to improve activity, selectivity, and stability for CO 2 RR. Here, we review recent developments in the field of porphyrin-based MOF CO 2 RR photocatalysts, along with critical issues, challenges, and perspectives concerning porphyrin-based MOF catalysts for photocatalytic CO 2 RR. Porphyrin-based MOFs, formed by a strong bonding between porphyrins (or metalized porphyrin derivatives) and metal clusters/ions, are ideal candidates for designing highly efficient CO 2 RR photocatalysts. This Minireview collates and summarizes the recent research advances in applying porphyrin@MOFs, pristine porphyrinic MOFs, and composite porphyrinic MOFs photocatalysts in this highly demanded research field. The main challenges facing porphyrin-based MOF catalysts, and their potential for future photocatalytic CO 2 RR applications are highlighted. • Comprehensive overview of porphyrin-based MOFs for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion. • Novel strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic CO 2 conversion performance of porphyrin-based MOFs. • Synergistic roles of composite porphyrinic MOFs in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction. • Challenges and prospects of porphyrin-based MOFs in photocatalytic CO 2 conversion.