Effect of obesity and excessive body fat on glycaemic control in paediatric type 1 diabetes
Pian Pian Tee, Jeanne Sze Lyn Wong, Nalini M Selveindran, Janet Yeow Hua Hong
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Excessive adiposity is believed to contribute to insulin resistance, resulting in more complex metabolic outcomes and poorer glycaemic control. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight/obese, excessive adiposity, and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children, who were from a relatively overweight/obese population, and to assess the effects on glycaemic control. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to August 2020 on T1DM children between 6 and 18 years old who attended the Paediatric Endocrine Clinic Putrajaya Hospital. Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 720) were measured to analyse their effects towards glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) via SPSS 21. Results A total of 63 T1DM were recruited with an equal male-to-female ratio. The mean age was 12.4 ± 3.3 years old with a mean HbA 1c of 9.8 ± 2.0%. The prevalence of overweight/obese and excessive body fat was 17.5 and 34.9%, respectively. Only 3 (6.8%) fulfilled the metabolic syndrome criteria. The waist circumference had a significant relationship with HbA 1c . Every 10 cm increment of waist circumference was predicted to raise HbA 1c by 0.8. The odds ratio of having abdominal obesity among T1DM with excessive body fat was 9.3 times. Conclusions Abdominal obesity is significantly associated with a poorer glycaemic control in T1DM children. Monitoring of waist circumference should be considered as part of the routine diabetic care.