State of the Art in the Production of Charcoal: a Review
Serhiy Pyshyev, Д. В. Мірошниченко, Ivan Malík, Aquilino Bautista Contreras, Carbosur, Calle Mexico F12, Parque Industrial Maquilador Oaxaca 2000, Magdalena Apasco Etla, C.P. 68226, Oaxaca, Mexico, Nader Hassan, Nader Group Engineering, Rasta Hotel, Unit 728, P.C. 42512, Port Said, Egypt, Ahmed Abd ElRasoul, Nader Group Engineering, Rasta Hotel, Unit 728, P.C. 42512, Port Said, Egypt
Abstract
The use of charcoal (CC) for various industries was analysed; the modern ideas about the factors influencing the process of obtaining CC were considered. The effect of raw materials nature (wood or agricultural wastes) and their characteristics (size, physical properties, chemical composition), as well as carbonization temperature, heating rate, oxygen level and pressure on the yield and quality of CC was described. The existing technologies for charcoal production were analyzed; they were classified according to the type of heating initiation and temperature maintenance during the carbonization process. The Lambiotte, DPC and Carbonex technologies were considered.