Cellular Engineering and Biocatalysis Strategies toward Sustainable Cadaverine Production: State of the Art and Perspectives
Jiali Mi, Simin Liu, Haishan Qi, Jie Huang, Xiang Lan, Lei Zhang
Abstract
Cadaverine, a diamine monomer, broadly exists in living organisms participating in metabolism processes. As a promising substitute of 1,6-diaminohexane, cadaverine can polymerize with dicarboxylic acids and yield biobased polyamides, polyamide (PA) 5×, showing ecofriendly and excellent mechanical properties in the fields of electronics, automobile, material, storage, and others. Due to the increasing attentions on environment problems, biopolyamide is expected to be an ideal and green material to substitute conventional chemistry polyamide. This review summarizes the properties, potential applications, and production strategies about cadaverine and mainly focuses on the recent developments by cellular engineering Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum as main workhorses. In addition, the key enzyme lysine decarboxylase decorated by means of immobilization and mutation to efficiently catalyze lysine and its catalysis mechanisms are also discussed. In order to achieve industrial applications, the indispensable steps of separation and purification are described as well and perspectives for cadaverine manufacturing from renewable resources are further provided.