Communication Quality-Conscious Synthesis of 3-D Coverage Using Switched Multibeam Multi-Sector Array Antenna for V2I Application
Sundeep Kumar, Ashwani Sharma, Shubham Kalra, Manoj Kumar
Abstract
In this paper, a switched multibeam multi-sector array antenna is proposed to provide 3-D coverage for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) under 5G-IoT application framework. The multi-sector design is optimized using a quality-conscious communication area synthesis process to achieve <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {360}^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> coverage in azimuth. Each sector of the design has two microstrip array antenna (MAA) to obtain coverage in the upper and lower halves of the elevation region. The proposed antenna is designed to enhance frequency-dependent beam squint phenomena exploited to achieve multibeam coverage in the elevation region. The simulation results of the proposed antenna having <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {3\times 2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> size of MAA indicates the achieved desired radiation characteristics, and a prototype of the same operating in WLAN band ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {5.15-5.825}$</tex-math></inline-formula> GHz) is fabricated for verification. The experimental results show the maximum realized gain is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {7.85}$</tex-math></inline-formula> dBi and the beam tilt of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {10.8}^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {46.8}^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> in elevation is achieved at central frequencies <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {5.15}$</tex-math></inline-formula> GHz and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {5.825}$</tex-math></inline-formula> GHz, respectively. The coverage obtained is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {360}^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> in azimuth and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {93.6}^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> in elevation. The signal to interference ratio is measured around the antenna, which shows interference suppression of more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {10}$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB achieved between the MAAs of alternate sectors. Moreover, the port isolation is better than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {26}$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB. Hence, sixteen simultaneous beams utilizing frequency re-use can be operated in the 3-D space around the access point to communicate with multiple drones/vehicles and IoT nodes to realize a smart vehicular application.