How experiments with superblocks in Vienna shape climate and health outcomes and interact with the urban planning regime
Anna-Katharina Brenner, Willi Haas, Christian Rudloff, F.W. Lorenz, Georg Wieser, Helmut Haberl, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Mélanie Pichler
Abstract
Superblocks are traffic-calmed neighborhoods that contribute to climate change mitigation and improve living and health conditions of inhabitants without requiring extensive reconstructions. This article investigates experiments with superblocks in Vienna (Austria) from initial discussion to the first experimental implementation. We use an integrated mixed-method approach: First, we examined potential climate and health benefits of three hypothetical superblock sites through transport modeling. We then conducted stakeholder interviews at two points of time to investigate the perceived acceptance of superblocks and to examine how superblock experiments align with the conventional planning regime, thereby focusing on actor's composition, dominant discourses, and mode of governance. The modeling results suggest that reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and public health benefits are 2–3 times higher when superblocks are implemented in more deprived compared to more affluent urban areas. In the course of implementing the first superblock experiment in Vienna, the discursive reframing of superblocks as a redistributive intervention, which we could trace through the interviews, resulted in implementing the pilot project in a district with the most beneficial sustainability outcomes.