Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID‐19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound
Ellen Farr, Alexis R. Wolfe, Swati Deshmukh, Leslie Rydberg, Rachna Soriano, James M. Walter, Andrea J. Boon, Lisa F. Wolfe, Colin K. Franz
Abstract
Many survivors from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from persistent dyspnea and fatigue long after resolution of the active infection. In a cohort of 21 consecutive severe post-COVID-19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital, 16 (76%) of them had at least one sonographic abnormality of diaphragm muscle structure or function. This corresponded to a significant reduction in diaphragm muscle contractility as represented by thickening ratio (muscle thickness at maximal inspiration/end-expiration) for the post-COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 cohorts. These findings may shed new light on neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction as a contributor to prolonged functional impairments after hospitalization for post-COVID-19.