The Evolution of Cardiovascular Ultrasound: A Review of Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Across Specialties
Amer M. Johri, Casey Glass, Braeden Hill, Trevor Jensen, Wilfredo Puentes, Olusegun Olusanya, Juana Nicoll Capizzano, Ria Dancel, Kreegan Reierson, Nathaniel Reisinger, Kiera Liblik, Benjamin Galen
Abstract
The use of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is now widespread in clinics, emergency departments, and all areas of the hospital. Users include medical trainees, advanced practice practitioners, and attending physicians in many specialties and sub-specialties. Opportunities to learn cardiac POCUS and requirements for training vary across specialties, as does the scope of the cardiac POCUS examination. In this review, we describe both a brief history of how cardiac POCUS emerged from echocardiography and the state of the art across a variety of medical fields.