Lithiophilic V<sub>2</sub>CT<i><sub>x</sub></i>/MoO<sub>3</sub> Hosts with Electronic/Ionic Dual Conductive Gradients for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Wei Yao, Zhiwei Chen, Xiao Zhang, Juhua Luo, Jinshan Wang, Meng He, Chi Chen, Xin‐Bing Cheng, Jianguang Xu
Abstract
Abstract Lithium (Li) metal is considered as a promising anode material for high‐energy batteries; yet, its practical application is hindered by uncontrolled Li dendrite growth, especially at a high rate. Herein, a dual conductive gradient V 2 CT x /MoO 3 (DG‐V 2 CT x /MoO 3 ) host that integrates electronic/ionic conductive gradients and lithiophilicity is prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly for dendrite‐free Li anodes. Gradient LiF deriving from different amount of V 2 CT x endows a good ionic conductive gradient; while, MoO 3 is regarded as a spacer to avoid the restacking of V 2 CT x , increasing space for Li deposition. The dual conductive gradients effectively optimize the current density and Li + flux distribution at the bottom, achieving fast reduction of Li + and a “bottom–up” Li deposition mode. Meanwhile, the lithiophilic V 2 CT x and MoO 3 guide the homogeneous Li growth. As a result, the symmetrical half‐cells based on DG‐V 2 CT x /MoO 3 @Li anodes conduct 700 h at 5 mAh cm −2 and 20 mA cm −2 . The DG‐V 2 CT x /MoO 3 @Li||LiFePO 4 full‐cells maintain a capacity retention of 85.4% after 1350 cycles at 2 C. Remarkably, the DG‐V 2 CT x /MoO 3 @Li||LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 full‐cells can run 150 cycles with 80.6% capacity retention even at harsh conditions. The well‐adjusted materials and structures with both dual conductive gradients and lithiophilic properties will bring inspiration for novel material design of other metal batteries.