Fine‐Tuning Alkyl Chains on Quinoxaline Nonfullerene Acceptors Enables High‐Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Optimizing Molecular Stacking and Reducing Energy Loss
Yuntong Guo, Zhenyu Chen, Jinfeng Ge, Jintao Zhu, Jinna Zhang, Yuanyuan Meng, Qinrui Ye, Shijie Wang, Fei Chen, Wei Ma, Ziyi Ge
Abstract
Abstract Material design of guest acceptor is always a big challenge for improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a pair of isomeric nonfullerene acceptors based on quinoxaline core, Qx– p ‐C 7 H 8 O and Qx– m ‐C 7 H 8 O, is designed and synthesized. By moving the alkoxy chain attached on side phenyl from meta ‐position to para ‐position, both π–π stacking distance and crystallinity are enhanced simultaneously. They obtain the uplifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Compared to Qx– m ‐C 7 H 8 O, Qx– p ‐C 7 H 8 O exhibits wider absorption spectrum and higher extinction coefficient. Using D18‐Cl:N3 as host materials, the addition of guest acceptor Qx– p ‐C 7 H 8 O significantly improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.61% to 18.49% because of higher open‐circuit voltage (0.875 V) and short‐circuit current density (27.85 mA cm −2 ). This can be attributed to the faster exciton dissociation, more balanced carrier mobility, fine fiber morphology, and lower energy loss in the ternary devices. However, Qx– m ‐C 7 H 8 O‐based ternary device achieves relatively low PCE of 17.17% because this device shows extremely low electron mobility. The results indicate that molecular stacking, film morphology, etc., can be effectively modulated by fine‐tuning the side chains of guest materials, which may be an effective design rule for further improving the PCE of OSCs.