Investigation of heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching surface with viscous dissipation and radiation effects: a numerical approach

Abstract

The flow of Williamson nanofluid, characterized by its non-Newtonian behavior and enhanced thermal properties, is utilized in biomedical technologies (such as drug administration and hyperthermia), energy systems (including solar collectors and cooling), and the petroleum industry (for drilling fluids and oil recovery). This work investigates the flow associated with a nanofluid through a Williamson boundary layer, specifically emphasizing the thermal and mass transfer processes. Limited study exists on the flow of Williamson nanofluid across a nonlinear stretching sheet. So, an analysis is conducted on the flow as it moves across a sheet that experiences nonlinear stretching. It evaluates the implications of heat generation, viscous dissipation, and radiation. The partial differential equations that apply and that demonstrate what is happening can be transformed into ordinary differential equations by making utilization of appropriate similarity transformations. The simplified equations are resolved utilizing the Mathematica tool NDSolve. Calculations are performed to determine the numerical solutions corresponding to temperature, concentration, and velocity fields, together with the Skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The findings appear graphically and are examined with relevant explanations based on physical principles. The findings indicate that a rise in the porosity parameter results in a decline in dimensionless velocity. The results demonstrated that an upsurge in magnetic force reduced the momentum profile, decelerating the fluid flow. The fluid temperature increased with higher levels of the magnetic field, radiation parameter, and Brownian motion parameter. Furthermore, elevated radiation parameter r values elevated the temperature and thickened the thermal barrier layer, improving heat transfer. Furthermore, as the thermal buoyancy factor grew, the fluid velocity similarly rose, improving fluid motion and heat distribution efficiency. The consequent results have been compared to previous solutions, showing significant agreement and proving the validity of the present findings. Studying the complicated dynamics of MHD flow in porous media under these conditions helps optimize cooling systems, thermal conductivity, and energy efficiency in industrial applications.

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