Microbial phytase: Their sources, production, and role in the enhancement of nutritional aspects of food and feed additives
Sheikh Rizwanuddin, Vijay Kumar, Bindu Naik, Pallavi Singh, Sadhna Mishra, Sarvesh Rustagi, Vivek Kumar
Abstract
Phosphorous is one of the important elements for life but its surplus amount is not good. It can be retrieved for being reused but can not be produced. It's a good thing that phosphorus can be retrieved and used again since it cannot be produced. Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling is the only method to prevent a supply shortage. Phytic acid is a common putative nutritional supplement found in many plant-based diets that functions as the primary phosphorus storage form. However, the animals are unable to effectively use it, resulting in two major issues: the requirement of inorganic phosphorus supplementation in their diets and the excretion of a considerable amount of phosphorus in manure. Another nutritional problem is that phytate has been proven to form complexes with metal ions, rendering them inaccessible to the body through the diet. As a result, interest has grown in the finding of natural enzymes that are produced as a byproduct or consequence of continual metabolic activity within living organisms. In the next coming years, phytase is likely to play a key role in the dephosphorylation of phytate, a phosphorus-locking molecule that is antinutritional and indigestible, into digestible phosphorus, calcium, and other mineral elements. Because the existing technique is costly and time-consuming, it is necessary to make efforts to produce cost-effective phytase with quick upstream and economical downstream processing. The current review highlights the sources of phytase, its production strategies, and its application in various sectors. • Phytases boost nutritional traits and lower phosphorus pollution in food production and animal feed. • Fungal phytase supplement is being used effectively in poultry diets to increase nutrient absorption and digestibility. • Microbial phytases are the most competent, economically stable, potential bioinoculants, and environmentally friendly enzymes. • New research on fungal phytase will enhance its properties and stability.