The inclusion of Amazon mangroves in Brazil’s REDD+ program
Ângelo F. Bernardino, Ana Carolina de Azevedo Mazzuco, Rodolfo Fagundes Costa, Fernanda Maria de Souza, Margaret Awuor Owuor, Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega, Christian J. Sanders, Tiago Osório Ferreira, J. Boone Kauffman
Abstract
Abstract The Legal Amazon of Brazil holds vast mangrove forests, but a lack of awareness of their value has prevented their inclusion into results-based payments established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Based on an inventory from over 190 forest plots in Amazon mangroves, we estimate total ecosystem carbon stocks of 468 ± 67 Megagrams (Mg) ha −1 ; which are significantly higher than Brazilian upland biomes currently included into national carbon offset financing. Conversion of mangroves results in potential emissions of 1228 Mg CO 2 e ha −1 , which are 3-fold higher than land use emissions from conversion of the Amazon rainforest. Our work provides the foundation for the inclusion of mangroves in Brazil’s intended Nationally Determined Contribution, and here we show that halting mangrove deforestation in the Legal Amazon would generate avoided emissions of 0.9 ± 0.3 Teragrams (Tg) CO 2 e yr −1 ; which is equivalent to the annual carbon accumulation in 82,400 ha of secondary forests.