Recent Advances in Femtosecond Laser Processing of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Crystals for Photonic Applications
Bin Zhang, Lei Wang, Feng Chen
Abstract
Abstract Femtosecond laser pulses have been extensively employed to achieve 3D micro‐ and nanofabrication in various materials for a broad variety of applications. LiNbO 3 crystal is a multifunctional material due to its combination of a number of excellent properties. By using femtosecond laser direct writing, various structures have been fabricated in LiNbO 3 crystals based on the refractive index changes, surface morphology modifications, or domain structures to realize intriguing applications in integrated photonics. Herein, a state‐of‐the‐art review is provided on the femtosecond laser processing of LiNbO 3 crystals, including the fabrication of diverse photonic structures and applications in nonlinear optics. To conclude, a brief outlook with a few potential spotlights is presented.