The role of hydrogen-based local energy communities in the development of hydrogen cities: A systematic review
Sobhan Dorahaki, Nima Amjady, S.M. Muyeen
Abstract
Hydrogen-based Local Energy Communities (LECs) play a pivotal role in modern energy systems and form the fundamental building blocks of hydrogen cities. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of how hydrogen-based LECs advance the hydrogen city concept by examining the technological, economic, environmental, regulatory, and social dimensions that shape the integration of green hydrogen into local energy networks. The paper explores the structure of hydrogen cities, focusing on the role of multiple LECs in alignment with the European Union’s Clean Energy Package (CEP). Furthermore, a case study and mathematical model are presented, where the hydrogen city is modelled and the impact of Electric Parking Lot (EPL) and Hydrogen Parking Lot (HPL) management on the hydrogen city’s operation cost is evaluated. The results show that optimised EPL and HPL management can reduce overall operational costs by 5.53 %, demonstrating the economic advantages of intelligent scheduling strategies in hydrogen cities. • Systematic review of hydrogen-based LECs as key enablers of sustainable hydrogen cities. • Introduces a mathematical model optimising hydrogen city operations with EPL and HPL systems. • Intelligent EPL and HPL scheduling reduces operational costs of hydrogen cities by 5.53 %. • Provides policy and design insights for integrating hydrogen-based LECs into urban planning.