Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Thyroid Cancer: Keys for a Short Two-Way Street
Ioana Balinisteanu, Monica-Cristina Pânzaru, Lavinia Caba, Maria-Christina Ungureanu, Andreea Florea, Ana Maria Grigore, Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
Abstract
Cancer predisposition syndromes are entities determined especially by germinal pathogenic variants, with most of them autosomal dominantly inherited. The risk of a form of cancer is variable throughout life and affects various organs, including the thyroid. Knowing the heterogeneous clinical picture and the existing genotype-phenotype correlations in some forms of thyroid cancer associated with these syndromes is important for adequate and early management of patients and families. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on genes and proteins involved in cancer predisposition syndromes with thyroid cancer and the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical).