A sustainable methodology employing the extract of red dragon fruit peel as a fluorescence probe for detection of indigo carmine (E132) in food samples: evaluation of the method's greenness, whiteness, and blueness
Huda Salem AlSalem, Sara Naif Alharbi, Soha T. Al‐Goul, Noha S. Katamesh, Mohamed A. Abdel‐Lateef
Abstract
, respectively. The optimal analytical conditions, such as solvent used for dilution, pH, reaction time, volume of the reagent, and temperature, were examined and carefully studied. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to detect indigo carmine dye in various natural syrup samples, including lemon syrup, apple syrup, cantaloupe syrup, pineapple syrup, and guava syrup, with acceptable recovery values. The method's beneficial sustainability footprint was found by using an extensive greenness analysis that incorporated the modified National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), the complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) prep algorithms. In addition, "whiteness" and "blueness" were also assessed with the newly released (Red Green Blue 12) RGB12 and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) computational methods, emphasizing the benefit of the proposed method in terms of analytical efficiency, sustainability, and economy. The suggested technique is the answer to the worldwide popularity of ecologically conscious solutions by providing a green-and-white substitute for traditional techniques and advancing towards creating more sustainable quality control procedures in the future.