Advances in multi-target fluorescent probes for imaging and analyzing biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease
Chaofeng Zhu, Jiahao Han, Fanghui Liang, Mingguang Zhu, Guoyang Zhang, Tony D. James, Zhuo Wang
Abstract
• This review focuses on multi-target fluorescent probes for Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers. • These probes and therapeutics are classified by viscosity; reactive oxygen species; proteins and for multimodal imaging. • Recent developments, perspectives, and challenges for early diagnosis and intervention of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that poses multiple challenges for disease diagnosis and treatment. Biomarker-based assays are one of the important tools for the early diagnosis of AD. In recent years, researchers have pursued the development of fluorescent probes for multi-target analysis of AD biomarkers. Herein, we review representative fluorescent probes for multi-target analysis, including analysis of Aβ and viscosity, Aβ and reactive oxygen species, various proteins (NFTs, Aβ aggregates, or Aβ oligomers), and multi-modal imaging. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the reported probes and summarize the achievements, current challenges, and application prospects for multi-target fluorescent probes in AD.