Interleukin 4 Reduces Brain Hyperexcitability after Traumatic Injury by Downregulating TNF-α, Upregulating IL-10/TGF-β, and Potential Directing Macrophage/Microglia to the M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype
Mozhdeh Radpour, Bahar Khoshkroodian, Tara Asgari, Hamid Gholami Pourbadie, Mohammad Sayyah
Topics & Concepts
MicrogliaNeuroinflammationEpileptogenesisTraumatic brain injuryMedicineTumor necrosis factor alphaProinflammatory cytokineEndocrinologyInternal medicineInflammationNeurosciencePharmacologyHippocampusBiologyPsychiatryNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesNeonatal and fetal brain pathology