Tube-Certified Trajectory Tracking for Nonlinear Systems With Robust Control Contraction Metrics
Pan Zhao, Arun Lakshmanan, Kasey A. Ackerman, Aditya Gahlawat, Marco Pavone, Naira Hovakimyan
Abstract
This letter presents an approach to guaranteed trajectory tracking for nonlinear control-affine systems subject to external disturbances based on robust control contraction metrics (CCM) that aims to minimize the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> gain from the disturbances to nominal-actual trajectory deviations. The guarantee is in the form of invariant tubes, computed offline and valid for any nominal trajectories, in which the actual states and inputs of the system are guaranteed to stay despite disturbances. Under mild assumptions, we prove that the proposed robust CCM (RCCM) approach yields tighter tubes than an existing approach based on CCM and input-to-state stability analysis. We show how the RCCM-based tracking controller together with tubes can be incorporated into a feedback motion planning framework to plan safe trajectories for robotic systems. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and empirically demonstrate reduced conservatism compared to the CCM-based approach.