Uranium versus Thorium: A Case Study on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Imido Metallocene
Tongyu Li, Yi Heng, Dongwei Wang, Guohua Hou, Guofu Zi, Wanjian Ding, Marc D. Walter
Abstract
The structure of and bonding in two base-free terminal actinide imido metallocenes, [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 An═N( p -tolyl) (An = U ( 1 ), Th ( 1′ )) are compared and connected to their individual reactivity. While structurally rather similar, the U(IV) derivative 1 is slightly more sterically crowded. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies imply that the 5f orbital contribution to the bonding within the individual actinide imido An═N( p -tolyl) moieties is significantly larger for 1 than for 1′, which makes the bonds between the [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U 2+ and [( p -tolyl)N] 2– fragments more covalent. Therefore, steric and electronic factors impact the reactivity of these imido complexes. For example, complex 1 is inert toward internal alkynes, but it readily forms Lewis base adducts [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U═N( p -tolyl)(L) (L = OPMe 3 ( 6 ), dmap ( 9 ), PhCN ( 14 ), and 2,6-Me 2 PhNC ( 17 )) with Me 3 PO, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap), nitrile, PhCN, or isonitrile 2,6-Me 2 PhNC. It may also react as a nucleophile or undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with CS 2, isothiocyanates, thio-ketones, ketones, lactides, and acyl nitriles, forming the four- or five-membered metallaheteroacycles, terminal sulfido, or oxido complexes, and cyanide amidate complexes, respectively. In contrast, after the addition of aldehyde p -tolylCHO, the tetranuclear complex [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 4 [OCH( p -tolyl)CH( p -tolyl)O] 2 U 4 O 4 ( 10 ) is isolated. However, while 1 is unreactive toward dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an equilibrium exists in benzene solution between N, N′ -diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1, and the four-membered metallaheterocycle [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U[N( p -tolyl)C(═N i Pr)N( i Pr)] ( 12 ). Furthermore, 1 may also engage in single- and two-electron transfer processes. It is singly oxidized by Ph 3 CN 3, CuI, Ph 2 S 2, and Ph 2 Se 2, yielding the uranium(V) imido complexes [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U═N( p -tolyl)(X) (X = N 3 ( 20 ), I ( 22 ), PhS ( 23 ), and PhSe ( 24 )), or is doubly oxidized by organic azides (RN 3 ) and 9-diazofluorene, forming the uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U═N( p -tolyl)(=NR) (R = p -tolyl ( 18 ), mesityl ( 19 )) and [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U=N( p -tolyl)[=NN=(9-C 13 H 8 )] ( 21 ), respectively.