Mapping of Soil Properties under Different LandUses in Lesser Karakoram Range, Pakistan
Azfar Hussain, Haibat Ali, Farida Begum, Azhar Hussain, Muhammad Zafar Khan, Yinghui Guan, Jinxing Zhou, Saif Din, Kiramat Hussain
Abstract
The vulnerability to environmental changes requires appropriate management of mountainous soils to harmonize agriculture productivity and health of agro-ecosystem. Information on spatial analyses in land uses is important for site-specific nutrient management. The current study investigates and maps soil properties in two land use types (agriculture and orchard) through geostatistical analyses of selected parameters using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Geo-referenced soil samples were collected at 0-15 cm depth. Overall, silty loam soils were observed with slightly alkaline pH, normal electrical conductivity and adequate organic carbon in both land use types. Macronutrient results indicated that nitrate-nitrogen was medium while phosphorus and potassium were higher in both land uses. The two-way ANOVA indicated that the EC (p<0.05), NO 3 -N, Av. P and Ex. K (p<0.001) differed significantly across the land use types. Whereas with respect to various study locations the EC and Av. P differed significantly (p<0.01), while pH, SOC, NO 3 -N, Ex. K and saturation did vary. Higher Soil quality index (SQI) in agriculture soil indicating better quality or health than the orchard. The findings provide useful insights for soil fertility management in mountainous agro-ecosystems.