Real‐time Tracking and Sensing of Cu<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> with a Single SERS Probe in the Live Brain: Toward Understanding Why Copper Ions Were Increased upon Ischemia
Jiaqi Liu, Zhichao Liu, Wei-Kang Wang, Yang Tian
Abstract
Abstract The imbalance of Cu + and Cu 2+ in the brain is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it still lacks of effective analytical methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of Cu + and Cu 2+ . Herein, we created a novel SERS probe (CuSP) to real‐time track and accurately quantify extracellular concentrations of Cu + and Cu 2+ in the live brain. The present CuSP probe demonstrated specific ability for recognition of Cu + and Cu 2+ in a dual‐recognition mode. Then, a microarray consisting of 8 CuSP probes with high tempo‐spatial resolution and good accuracy was constructed for tracking and simultaneously biosensing of Cu + and Cu 2+ in the cerebral cortex of living brain. Using our powerful tool, it was found that that the concentrations of Cu 2+ and Cu + were increased by ≈4.26 and ≈1.80 times upon ischemia, respectively. Three routes were first discovered for understanding the mechanisms of the increased concentrations of Cu + and Cu 2+ during ischemia.