COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease
Mina K. Chung, David A. Zidar, Michael R. Bristow, Scott J. Cameron, Timothy A. Chan, Clifford V. Harding, Deborah Kwon, Tamanna Singh, John C. Tilton, Emily J. Tsai, Nathan R. Tucker, John Barnard, Joseph Loscalzo
Abstract
A pandemic of historic impact, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has potential consequences on the cardiovascular health of millions of people who survive infection worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can infect the heart, vascular tissues, and circulating cells through ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the host cell receptor for the viral spike protein. Acute cardiac injury is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 with potential chronic consequences. This update provides a review of the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement, potential direct SARS-CoV-2 and indirect immune response mechanisms impacting the cardiovascular system, and implications for the management of patients after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection.