Biogenic and eco-benign synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) using plants aqueous extracts and biological derivatives: environmental, biological and catalytic applications
Ahmed Naseer, Abid Ali, Safaa S.M. Ali, Asif Mahmood, Heri Septya Kusuma, Arif Nazir, Muhammad Yaseen, M.I. Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, Mazhar Abbas, Munawar Iqbal
Abstract
Nanotechnology gained much attention and nanomaterials have diverse applications in every field of life and researchers are consistently working on the methodology for the fabrication of NPs. Different chemical, biological and physical methods are in practice for the fabrication of NPs and under the current scenario of pollution, the application of eco-benign methods is of paramount importance. Biogenic synthesis versus other methods proved to be highly efficient for the fabrication of NPs at the nano-scale. It is also an eco-friendly, cost-effective and one-pot synthesis procedure. The use of less energy, less reaction time and ambient conditions are other advantages of the green synthesis. The NPs have been successfully prepared biogenically and employed in different fields, i.e., medicine, biosensors, electrochemistry, biomedicine, water treatment, electronics, photo-electronics and catalysis. Among, noble metal based NPs, Pt has diverse applications and the biogenic synthesis, characterization and applications of Pt NPs have been discussed in this study. The biogenic synthetic route includes plant extract (leaves, roots, flower, peels, stem, bark) and biological derivatives. The plant extracts contain flavonoids, polyphenolics, cannabinoids, terpenes, glycosides, sugars, amine, carbonyl, proteins, aldehyde, amide and alcohols, which reduce, cap and stabilize the metal ions in the solution. The reaction conditions effect on biogenic fabrication of Pt is discussed; the structure and sizes were also compared. The applications of the biogenic Pt NPs in different fields along with future prospects are discussed.