Full counting statistics in the many-body Hatano-Nelson model

Abstract

We study non-Hermitian many-body physics in the interacting Hatano-Nelson model with an open boundary condition. The violation of reciprocity, resulting from an imaginary vector potential, induces the non-Hermitian skin effect and causes exponential localization for all single-particle eigenfunctions in the noninteracting limit. Nevertheless, the density profile of the interacting system becomes only slightly tilted relative to the average filling. The Friedel oscillations exhibit a beating pattern due to the modification of the Fermi wave number. The probability distribution of particles over any finite interval is the normal distribution, whose mean scales with the imaginary vector potential and the variance is symmetric to the center of the chain. This is confirmed by several numerically exact methods even for relatively small systems. These features are expected to be generic not only for fermions, which naturally repel each other due to Pauli's exclusion principle, but for interacting bosons as well. Our findings indicate that many-body effects can significantly alter and conceal the single-particle properties and the skin effect in non-Hermitian systems.

Topics & Concepts