Techniques for Managing Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Under Changing Climate; A review
Muhammad Ramzan, Ghulam, Murtaza, Abdul Sattar Saghira, Noshaba Munawar, Assad Ullah, Anam Ejaz, Ayaz Fatima, Anwar Sandila, Khadija, Kamran Fasiha
Abstract
Tick infestation is the main issue for animal health that causes substantial economic losses in the form of mortality and morbidity, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries of the world including Pakistan. The rural economy of Pakistan depends upon on livestock industry which faces the problems of some zoonotic diseases spread by tick infestation. Tick infestation caused Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Lyme disease, theileriosis and babesiosis in wild and domestic animals including humans. Climate change is highly associated with the distribution of ticks and ticks borne-diseases (TBDs). Due to global warming, the temperature of the globe is rising which directly and indirectly affects vector-borne diseases like TBDs. To minimize the ticks and TBDs various approaches have been used in different regions of the world including Pakistan. The need for a review paper is to investigate the impact of climate change on ticks and TBDs in livestock as well as public health in Pakistan. To evaluate the effectiveness, environmentally safe, economically feasible and acceptable tick management approaches, literature was reviewed.