PTHrP Drives Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis and Reveals a New Therapeutic Vulnerability
Jason R. Pitarresi, Robert J. Norgard, Anna M. Chiarella, Kensuke Suzuki, Basil Bakir, Varun Sahu, Jinyang Li, Jun Zhao, Benoît Marchand, Maximilian D. Wengyn, Antony Hsieh, Il‐Kyu Kim, Amy Zhang, Karine Sellin, Vivian Lee, Shigetsugu Takano, Yoji Miyahara, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Anirban Maitra, Faiyaz Notta, Richard Kremer, Ben Z. Stanger, Anil K. Rustgi
Abstract
Abstract Pancreatic cancer metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, yet very little is understood regarding the underlying biology. As a result, targeted therapies to inhibit metastasis are lacking. Here, we report that the parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP encoded by PTHLH) is frequently amplified as part of the KRAS amplicon in patients with pancreatic cancer. PTHrP upregulation drives the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors in mice and is highly enriched in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastases. Loss of PTHrP—either genetically or pharmacologically—dramatically reduces tumor burden, eliminates metastasis, and enhances overall survival. These effects are mediated in part through a reduction in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which reduces the ability of tumor cells to initiate metastatic cascade. Spp1, which encodes osteopontin, is revealed to be a downstream effector of PTHrP. Our results establish a new paradigm in pancreatic cancer whereby PTHrP is a driver of disease progression and emerges as a novel therapeutic vulnerability. Significance: Pancreatic cancer often presents with metastases, yet no strategies exist to pharmacologically inhibit this process. Herein, we establish the oncogenic and prometastatic roles of PTHLH, a novel amplified gene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that blocking PTHrP activity reduces primary tumor growth, prevents metastasis, and prolongs survival in mice. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601