New Insights into Genetics of Endometriosis—A Comprehensive Literature Review
Diana Maria Chiorean, Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici, Havva Serap Toru, Titiana Cornelia Cotoi, Alexandru Nicușor Tomuț, Sabin Gligore Turdean, Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the genetic contributions to endometriosis and their potential impact on improving diagnostic techniques. The review begins by defining endometriosis and discussing its prevalence, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the condition. It highlights recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified specific genetic variants associated with endometriosis, shedding light on the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved. The review addresses genetic heterogeneity across different populations and ethnicities, emphasizing the importance of considering population-specific markers in diagnostic approaches. It explores the diagnostic implications of genetic insights, including the potential use of genetic markers for precise and early detection, as well as risk prediction. The review also delves into the integration of genetic information with clinical parameters and imaging findings, and the exploration of multi-omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of endometriosis. It discusses recent studies on genetic and epigenetic biomarkers, their potential as diagnostic tools, and the need for validation in independent cohorts. The review highlights the impact of new genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, in improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. It identifies the challenges and future directions in translating genetic findings into diagnostic tools and emphasizes the transformative potential of genetic insights in endometriosis diagnosis. This review provides a roadmap for future research and underscores the significance of genetic insights in improving diagnostic precision and personalized care for individuals with endometriosis.