Advanced fault detection methodologies and communication protocols for DC micro grid -A technical review
Athira Earath Shivadasan, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam
Abstract
DC microgrids are increasingly adaptable to contemporary electrical systems due to their superior capacity to integrate distributed energy resources (DER) and enhance the overall stability of the grid. However, the development of protection and switchgear systems for DC microgrids is still in its nascent stage, facing challenges such as arc extinction, fault isolation, and selective tripping due to the absence of natural current zero-crossing. Previous research has focused on protective mechanisms, including overcurrent protection and relay-based systems. However, these studies often lack comprehensive fault management strategies tailored to the complexities of DC systems. In particular, issues such as fast fault detection, response coordination across varying fault scenarios, and the integration of adaptive protection schemes remain insufficiently addressed. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of fault management strategies, with emphasis on fault detection and isolation methods within DC microgrids. Furthermore, it reviews different voltage levels, communication technologies, and topologies utilized in DC microgrids, analysing their effects on system performance. This critical study provides valuable information for researchers and professionals aiming to refine fault detection and isolation methods and improve the efficiency of DC microgrid systems.