17.1 A Two-Stage Cascaded Hybrid Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter with 96.9% Peak Efficiency Tolerating 0.6V/μs Input Slew Rate During Startup
Ziyu Xia, Jason T. Stauth
Abstract
Efficient high-conversion-ratio power delivery is needed for many portable computing applications which require sub-volt supply rails but operate from batteries or USB power sources. In such applications, the power management unit should have a small volume, area, and height while providing fast transient response. Past work has shown favorable performance of hybrid switched-capacitor (SC) converters to reduce the size of needed inductor(s), which can soft-charge high-density SC networks while supporting efficient voltage regulation [1-5]. However, the hybrid approach has its own challenges including balancing the voltage of the flying capacitor and achieving safe but fast startup. Rapid supply transients, including startup, can cause voltage stress on power switches if flying capacitors are not quickly regulated. Past approaches such as precharge networks [3] or fast balancing control [5] have startup times that are on the order of milliseconds. This paper presents a two-stage cascaded hybrid SC converter that features a fast transient response with automatic flying capacitor balancing for low-voltage applications (i.e., 5V:0.4 to 1.2V from a USB interface). The converter is nearly standalone and all gate drive supplies are generated internally. Measured results show a peak efficiency of 96.9%, <; 36mV under/overshoot for 1A/μs load transients, and self-startup time on the order of 10μs (over 100× faster than previous works).