m6A in the Signal Transduction Network
Ki-Hong Jang, Chloe R. Heras, Gina Lee
Abstract
In response to environmental changes, signaling pathways rewire gene expression programs through transcription factors. Epigenetic modification of the transcribed RNA can be another layer of gene expression regulation. N 6adenosine methylation (m 6 A) is one of the most common modifications on mRNA. It is a reversible chemical mark catalyzed by the enzymes that deposit and remove methyl groups. m 6 A recruits effector proteins that determine the fate of mRNAs through changes in splicing, cellular localization, stability, and translation efficiency. Emerging evidence shows that key signal transduction pathways including TGF (transforming growth factor-), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) regulate downstream gene expression through m 6 A processing. Conversely, m 6 A can modulate the activity of signal transduction networks via m 6 A modification of signaling pathway genes or by acting as a ligand for receptors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the crosstalk between m 6 A and signaling pathways and its implication for biological systems.