Ultrastable Fe–N–C Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts by Eliminating Non‐Coordinating Nitrogen and Regulating Coordination Structures at High Temperatures
Dongsheng Xia, Xuan Tang, Sheng Dai, Rile Ge, Alexandre I. Rykov, Junhu Wang, Tzu‐Hsi Huang, Kuan‐Wen Wang, Yinping Wei, Kai Zhang, Jia Li, Lin Gan, Feiyu Kang
Abstract
Abstract Pyrolyzed Fe–N–C materials have attracted considerable interest as one of the most active noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Despite significant progress is made in improving their catalytic activity during past decades, the Fe–N–C catalysts still suffer from fairly poor electrochemical and storage stability, which greatly hurdles their practical application. Here, an effective strategy is developed to greatly improve their catalytic stability in PEMFCs and storage stability by virtue of previously unexplored high‐temperature synthetic chemistry between 1100 and 1200 °C. Pyrolysis at this rarely adopted temperature range not only enables the elimination of less active nitrogen‐doped carbon sites that generate detrimental peroxide byproduct but also regulates the coordination structure of Fe–N–C from less stable D1 (O–FeN 4 C 12 ) to a more stable D2 structure (FeN 4 C 10 ). The optimized Fe–N–C catalyst exhibits excellent stability in PEMFCs (>80% performance retention after 30 h under H 2 /O 2 condition) and no activity loss after 35 day storage while maintaining a competitive ORR activity and PEMFC performance.