Immunomodulation and enhancing the immunity: Unveiling the potential of designer diets
Anil Kumar Anal, Sushil Koirala, Anisha Karna, Muhammad Umar, Sarina Pradhan Thapa
Abstract
Busy schedules, changes in lifestyle, and the rise in consumption of ultra-processed foods have resulted in inadequate bioactive compounds on the consumer's plate. This deficiency causes a weakening of the immune system, which further escalates exposure to viral infections. Dietary interventions through the consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds can enhance immunity against pathogens. The term ‘designer foods’ encompasses all functional foods incorporating bioactive molecules, such as proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, dietary fibers, probiotics, antioxidants, etc. Previous studies have elucidated the potential of these foods to improve the capability of the immune system. This review extensively explores the potential of these foods to enhance immunity especially against viral infections. The role of each class of designer food has been discussed in strengthening the immune system and the chemical interactions between food compounds and the immune system has been highlighted in case of viral infections, which will help to understand their role in a better way. Designer foods are excellent sources of functional components to discover new antiviral elements for the development of preventive or therapeutic approaches against viral infections.